I don't think the number is an airframe number, though I doubt I can prove it either. But to the chief mechanic, the engine has a life in the log books just like the airframe, in some cases the motor may outlive the airframe and vice versa. Consider too that later DB 600 series motors in WWII had engine (definitely not airframe) numbers stenciled on them in large white numerals in a very similar manner...
Still it seems to me this was a sporadic practice, rarely if ever seen on DB engines fitted to D.Vs. At least I couldn't find an example. Lots of pics floating around of uncowled D.V noses, in every one I could find the numbers just aren't there... or maybe they just don't show up, or they washed off or were painted over or censored.... Who knows!
Cheers