forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com

WW1 Aircraft Modeling => Under Construction => Scratch builds => Topic started by: kkarlsen on December 25, 2018, 02:32:28 AM

Title: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on December 25, 2018, 02:32:28 AM
Hi Guy's Just want to share my latest project with you all.

It's been on the Bench for a while but now I'm pretty sure I've put the 'worst' behind me... A 'skeletal' Fokker Dr. I.

I'm using Roden's kit as a guide and will be using the odd part along the way. Aviattic rudder + Part photoetched wire wheels.
RB Productions turnbuckles for the rigging, but most of it is scratched from styrene sheets and profiles.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105858-14527299.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105857-14525322.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105859-145302268.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105a858-145291618.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105858-14528488.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105856-14523226.jpeg)

Rigging of the fuselage frame was a true nightmare...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105855-14511669.jpeg)

I've been experimenting with the use of 'micro' plywood for the side panels.

Wings are also coming along nicely...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-241218105855-14522482.jpeg)

The top wing ready for some 'wood treatment' - The wing spars were made from a master, using a silicone mold and casting resin copy's.

Thanks for looking in: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Juan on December 25, 2018, 03:55:51 AM
Wow that looks fantastic and a true work of art (love).
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Gisbod on December 25, 2018, 04:37:55 AM
Goodness me Kent,

It’s getting hard keeping up with this forum!

Well done.

Guy
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on December 27, 2018, 11:48:06 PM
Brilliant scratchbuilding!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lcarroll on December 28, 2018, 02:57:57 AM
Wow, great project and superb workmanship! Very impressive and I'll be following this one closely.
Cheers,
Lance
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Borsos on December 28, 2018, 04:33:31 AM
Truely awesome!
Andreas
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Thumbs up on December 28, 2018, 05:53:35 AM
Shake's his head and sighs!
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: coyotemagic on December 28, 2018, 07:36:39 AM
Truly astonishing work, Kent!  And I thought I was a pretty decent modeler.  I think I should just go play with some Legos.
Cheers,
Bud
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: dr 1 ace on January 01, 2019, 07:49:42 AM
Truly astonishing work, Kent!  And I thought I was a pretty decent modeler.  I think I should just go play with some Legos.
Cheers,
Bud


I'm in the "same boat" as my Amigo .

ED
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Bughunter on January 02, 2019, 08:29:44 AM
Kent, that is a nice project! My 1/72 Dr.I PE Strip Down can't reach it, and also my 1/8 Hasegawa is not that correct as yours.
Great research and work on that model!

Cheers,
Frank
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: gbrivio on January 02, 2019, 03:32:01 PM
Astonishing! This really looks as the real thing, congratulations on your scratchbuilding.
Ciao
Giuseppe
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Dave W on January 03, 2019, 08:33:51 AM
Amazing! Truly world class model making.

I'm in awe of your work.

Dave Wilson
Gold Coast
Australia
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: jeroen_R90S on January 07, 2019, 06:00:16 AM
Very cool -one thing about those Fokker aircraft, they usually look so simple from the outside (boxy fabric over tubes) but when the skin comes off they look really intricate!
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Manni on January 07, 2019, 05:30:59 PM
Terrific work. I think I can learn a lot from your build. Beautiful,
Bye,
Manni
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on January 08, 2019, 08:10:07 AM
That is a superb piece of scratchbuilding. I am trying to build something similar and can appreciate the problems that you have overcome so successfully. I am looking forward to seeing further progress on this. Modelling at its best in my opinion.

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on January 14, 2019, 07:17:36 PM
Thank's Guy's, your too kind. I'm happy you like the build  ;)

I've had a break from this project (just needed to refill my mojo, I guess)

Some progress on the wings, detailing and getting an acceptable finish before painting.
Now I've started on the wood grain, keeping it down, to simulate light veneer/wood and to avoid it to become 'mahogany-ish'.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-140119100135-145832175.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-140119100136-14586684.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-140119100136-145872496.jpeg)

I intend to us Uschi von der Rosten veneer decals on the leading edges...
Haven't tried wood grain decals before, any thoughts, good or avoid?

Cheers: Kent

Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on January 16, 2019, 04:08:01 AM
I cannot comment on the use of wood grain transfers as I have never used them. However I really do like your wings - the structures are superb. A wonderful build in the making.

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Manni on January 16, 2019, 05:28:25 PM
Hello, Kent,
I have used them on my what-if model and was quite satisfied (see here:https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=8729.msg162424#msg162424 (https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=8729.msg162424#msg162424)). They were easy to use and I did not have and problems with microscale decal set and soft. However, I have to say that the standard decals are quite pixelated on closer inspection. With your high carat model I would at most use the new decals from Uschi, where you can't see any pixels anymore, or better work with oil paints, with which you can imitate a much more discreet wood structure.
Bye,
Manni
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on January 16, 2019, 08:08:21 PM
Thank you for your input Manni.

I have tried to apply the decals and you are right, they are 'coarse' and a tad too reddish.
Now I wish I wouldn't have used them

I will 'contemplate' on this for a few days before deciding what  to do...

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on March 29, 2019, 01:52:33 AM
A little update on the 'Fokker'...

(https://i.imgur.com/3ffiEAG.jpg)

Oberursel engine ready for installation

(https://i.imgur.com/7uicng3.jpg)

(https://i.imgur.com/mus3sDM.jpg)

Some of the instruments are done.

(https://i.imgur.com/jt2DQw3.jpg)

(https://i.imgur.com/Us6J6mS.jpg)

Parts are beginning to come together.

Thanks for looking: Kent

Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on March 29, 2019, 02:40:36 AM
Most Impressive! every single part looks AWESOME!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on March 29, 2019, 03:43:55 AM
I agrre with Rick - this is superb modelling.

What did you make the fuselage frames from? And what was your source of turnbuckles?

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on March 29, 2019, 05:28:18 AM
Thank you Gent's, appreciate it.

Fuselage frame is done with 0,8 mm styrene rod and the turnbuckles are Radu's photoetch.

http://www.radubstore.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2_68&products_id=403 (http://www.radubstore.com/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath=2_68&products_id=403)

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on April 01, 2019, 05:01:22 AM
Wood grain on the wings are done, continuing with some of the control cables...

(https://i.imgur.com/duBkKG5.jpg)

(https://i.imgur.com/3EiDZ4W.jpg)

That's it for now: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on April 01, 2019, 05:13:15 AM
Wood grain and cables look Brilliant!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Manni on April 01, 2019, 04:20:54 PM
I am out of words! Beautiful in every aspect. THe wood and all the strings....great.
Bye,
Manni
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on April 02, 2019, 04:13:55 AM
What excellent workmanship. The wood grain looks real!

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: UFAG on June 23, 2019, 09:29:53 PM
its been said before...but..Brilliant!
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 16, 2019, 06:54:14 PM
Suddenly finishing this one has become more interesting, did something just happen?

Well the progress has been painstakingly slow, but her we are...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-160819100111-152582274.jpeg)

The rib bracing tapes have been added using Tamiya tape.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-160819100111-15259364.jpeg)

I'm still struggling with the many details of the Cockpit, but it's getting there...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-160819100110-152571080.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-160819100110-152561631.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-160819100108-152531973.jpeg)

Cheers: Kent

Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on August 16, 2019, 10:33:17 PM
Simply Spectacular work! The burnished metal is incredible!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Juan on August 17, 2019, 12:57:41 AM
Kent, AKA Superman, looks incredible.  Cannot wait to see more.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on August 17, 2019, 05:05:30 AM
Got to agree with Rick - this is indeed most spectacular.

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 22, 2019, 05:00:46 PM
Thank's for the encouraging words Gent's!

The assembly of the little 'Fokker' has begun.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-220819084634-15289246.jpeg)

The wooden coverings are in place...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-220819084633-15288150.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-220819084634-152901131.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-220819084632-15282825.jpeg)

Aviattic's nice cowling..

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: FokkerFodder on August 22, 2019, 06:05:39 PM
I always admire your work and this is right up there. Love it!
Cheers Matt
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kensar on August 22, 2019, 10:03:08 PM
Great looking work, Kent!   8)
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on August 22, 2019, 11:26:54 PM
Absolutely Brilliant!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: pepperman42 on August 23, 2019, 02:58:17 AM
Both surfaces look perfect!!

Steve
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on August 23, 2019, 03:43:18 AM
First class work going on here - that is a super assembly with a wonderful contrast between the wood and other parts.

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 23, 2019, 06:53:36 PM
So, after months of ridiculous detailing, the 'Dreidekker' build is finally getting somewhere...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-230819103658-15291768.jpeg)

Parts ready for assembly.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-230819103659-15294640.jpeg)

Lowr wing fitted.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-230819103659-15295738.jpeg)

Middle wing fitted, incl. the top cover.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-230819103700-152962352.jpeg)

Top wing test fitting.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-230819103700-152971604.jpeg)

It's beginning to look like a little 'Fokker'

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on August 23, 2019, 10:09:52 PM
Again I say Brilliant!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Brad Cancian on August 24, 2019, 08:01:19 AM
Beautiful work!

What was your technique for painting the metal components? They look great  :D

Cheers,

BC
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 24, 2019, 06:08:13 PM
Thank you RAGIII & Brad!

I wanted to find a way to achieve a decent metal surface, without having to go into elaborate painting techniques.
After some trials this is the procedure I ended up using:

First a layer of Tamiya XF-16 flat aluminium. Pattern is them made with a sharpie silver pen doing irregular 'swirls'.
Everything is then being brought together with some AK True Metal Aluminium wax paint, applied very sparingly,
not to cover up the pattern. Finally a coat of future to protect the surface and to give it a shiny appearance.
It may sound complicated, but it really isn't. It ended up being 'a walk in the park'.

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lcarroll on August 24, 2019, 11:59:30 PM
Kent,
    What an inspiration this project is, your work and the results are mind blowing at the very least! It's getting close to complete, and what a spectacular model it's going to be! Perhaps a little premature, but my compliments on some outstanding model building. 8) 8) 8) 8)
Cheers,
Lance
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Juan on August 25, 2019, 12:30:24 AM
Amazing does not begin to describe what you are doing....
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 25, 2019, 05:04:19 AM
Thank you for your kind words Gentlemen, I really appreciate it!

Well the learning curve has most certainly been steep!
I wasn't sure if this would be doable at all. It started out being little more than a test of what
is possible using what I'm comfortable with, styrene & resin.
It's definitely not perfect, but I'm very happy with the result.

It's supposed look like a 1/32 Fokker 'dreidekker' without canvas, and it absolutely does  ;)

Cheers: Kent

Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 29, 2019, 12:50:03 AM
Almost done...

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-280819143816-153061684.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-280819145046-15307846.jpeg)

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RAGIII on August 29, 2019, 03:44:19 AM
Simply Superb!
RAGIII
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 29, 2019, 03:47:57 AM
Thank you RAGII!

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: lone modeller on August 29, 2019, 04:30:55 AM
Having attempted one of these strip-down models I think that I know something of what you have gone through. This is outstanding modelling craftsmanship - modelling of the order that Des would have recognised and greatly appreciated. For an experimental build this has truly been a great success.

Stephen.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Borsos on August 30, 2019, 09:21:39 PM
Hats off! Really great work.
Andreas
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Juan on August 30, 2019, 09:31:10 PM
Truly amazing.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Bughunter on August 30, 2019, 11:44:40 PM
Such model would be impressive, if created from a kit or 3D printed parts ...
but scratched it is simply unbelievable!

Cheers,
Bughunter
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Dave Brewer on August 31, 2019, 09:03:15 AM
Indeed,I'm in awe of this build Kent,congratulations doesn't begin to cover it.
Cheers,
Dave.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Dave in Dubai on September 03, 2019, 01:04:25 AM
That is a beauty Kent,

You have truly recreated the 3d images in the book into a miniature still life replica.

Very impressive and I love the effect you achieved on the aluminium cowl panels.

Can you include something with the model just to demonstrate the size of the finished model such as say a matchstick or a pencil alongside?
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on September 03, 2019, 04:02:59 AM
Thank you for all of your kind words, it has been somewhat of a 'tour de force'.

Her you go a couple of photos of the 'Fokker' being 'handled', it's a tiny plane, it doesn't really feel like it's 1/32.

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-280819161048-153082432.jpeg)

(http://www.danskemodelbyggere.dk/forum/gallery/7698-280819161048-15309481.jpeg)

I thought the wings would be the most labor heavy part of the build, but it was nothing compared to the rigging of the fuselage...

Cheers: Kent

Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kensar on September 03, 2019, 05:10:41 AM
A super model, Kent, truly amazing.  It does look small for 1/32 scale.
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Manni on September 03, 2019, 03:18:52 PM
Just wow, Kent.
This is a really perfect model. I admire your patience and craftsmanship.
Chapeau,
Manni
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: pepperman42 on September 11, 2019, 02:05:03 AM
Beautiful!!

Steve
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on September 11, 2019, 05:12:56 AM
Pictures of the finished build...

https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.0 (https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.0)
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: UFAG on September 24, 2019, 06:09:43 AM
Amazing Kent, just amazing..
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RLWP on October 07, 2019, 07:20:45 AM
Beautiful

I'm taking up macrame, or painting by numbers...

Richard
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Rookie on August 20, 2020, 05:21:03 AM
When I see this, I get a little dicouraged.....🥴
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Europapete on August 24, 2020, 09:47:43 PM
Holy Crap! how did I miss this one!! Awesome Kent, just awesome. Superb. Regards, Pete in RI
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 25, 2020, 03:42:19 AM
Thank you Pete, appreciate you nice comments. I'm very happy with the result.

Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: Jammed Vickers on August 31, 2020, 05:53:09 AM
That's incredible!
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on August 31, 2020, 05:43:11 PM
Thank you Wayne, appreciate it.

Photo of the finished build:

https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466 (https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466)

Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: macsporran on August 31, 2020, 09:57:07 PM
Wow, just caught this one, Kent. That is superlative. What a beautiful model. Congratulations and deep respect!
Sandy
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on February 14, 2021, 07:11:18 PM
Thank you Sandy!

Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RichieW on June 05, 2021, 06:27:57 PM
I just stumbled across this Kent, I can honestly say I have never seen anything quite so amazing. I was thinking of doing a skeletal Pup or Sopwith Triplane next, I think I might grab a 1/72 Spitfire out of the stash instead after seeing this! :)

Richie
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RLWP on June 05, 2021, 09:14:11 PM
I just stumbled across this Kent, I can honestly say I have never seen anything quite so amazing. I was thinking of doing a skeletal Pup or Sopwith Triplane next, I think I might grab a 1/72 Spitfire out of the stash instead after seeing this! :)

Richie

Airfix, of course

Then you can run around the house going Weeeeaaaooowww dacadacadacadaca...

Richard
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: kkarlsen on June 05, 2021, 10:05:50 PM
Thank Richie! The finished built is here:

https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466 (https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466)

Cheers: Kent
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RichieW on June 06, 2021, 06:23:46 AM
I just stumbled across this Kent, I can honestly say I have never seen anything quite so amazing. I was thinking of doing a skeletal Pup or Sopwith Triplane next, I think I might grab a 1/72 Spitfire out of the stash instead after seeing this! :)

Richie

Airfix, of course

Then you can run around the house going Weeeeaaaooowww dacadacadacadaca...

Richard

Been doing that on and off for 50 years, I never tire of it!  ;D

Thank Richie! The finished built is here:

https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466 (https://forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com/index.php?topic=10503.msg192466#msg192466)

Cheers: Kent

Thanks Kent, will have a good look through the finished pictures tomorrow. Have you had the chance to show this at an exhibition yet. It looks every bit a head turning competition winner to me.

Richie 
Title: Re: 1/32 'Skeletal' Fokker Dr. I
Post by: RLWP on June 06, 2021, 08:44:06 AM

Been doing that on and off for 50 years, I never tire of it!  ;D

Richie

Splendid, I'm reminded of these wise words:

Quote
“Never trust a man who, when left alone in a room with a tea cozy, doesn't try it on. ”

― Billy Connolly

Richard