forum.ww1aircraftmodels.com

WW1 Aircraft Modeling => Under Construction => Topic started by: FIREFOX1 on July 16, 2014, 02:30:31 AM

Title: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 16, 2014, 02:30:31 AM
After some feedback, I decided to strip back my first attempt, and apply the advise given
so here is where im up to, please feed back with any advise, so I can improve, thanks all
Dave
(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/bf01dae4-d2f7-43a0-856f-9abbddc92b7e_zpsd27a914a.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/bf01dae4-d2f7-43a0-856f-9abbddc92b7e_zpsd27a914a.jpg.html) (http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/c3da9ba4149f82ee4f71a7b7721f9879_zpsec9221aa.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/c3da9ba4149f82ee4f71a7b7721f9879_zpsec9221aa.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/e9de939e75ac5b18b22993cb64f1dffe_zps3bd6151f.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/e9de939e75ac5b18b22993cb64f1dffe_zps3bd6151f.jpg.html)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: radio on July 16, 2014, 03:35:10 AM
A nice beginning with the cockpit Dave.
Martin
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: RAGIII on July 16, 2014, 08:33:48 AM
Considering I felt your first effort was nice, this one is an improvement to Excellent! Looks great,no dust or debris/bubbles apparent to me  8)
RAGIII
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: jknaus on July 16, 2014, 08:47:08 AM
Nice start. Watching with interest.
James
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Des on July 16, 2014, 09:14:49 AM
Even though your first attempt was very good this one is even better, well done for taking the advice and starting again, this is a build I will be following closely.

Des.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: coyotemagic on July 16, 2014, 12:33:53 PM
Considering I felt your first effort was nice, this one is an improvement to Excellent! Looks great,no dust or debris/bubbles apparent to me  8)
RAGIII
Again, I must agree with my amigo.  So glad you are continuing with this excellent build.
Cheers,
Bud
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Alexis on July 16, 2014, 12:43:41 PM
Now that is quit an improvement over your last efforts which , weren't overly bad at all . Nice and clean . I have a hard time every now and than . Almost with ever build and no matter how hard I try there is a cat hair in the finish  :-X Take your time , don't rush and any aid you need , just ask  . The guy's here are very helpful  :)





Terri
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ronkootje on July 16, 2014, 04:46:03 PM
Now this is what i like to c Great work m8! the woodgrain you nailed it, any more questions feel free to ask any time! If you keep this up flowing advise where given and taking your time you will c you will get better at it each time you make a new kit.

Des, Bert,l BO, etc are just as glad to help you in giving advise just ask, hell Des his own Blog is a treasure of info take a afternoon to read it all! Also all the treads Bertl made are gold mines for tips and tricks thats how i get beter learning from other people and that is what a forum is for i hope there will be more guys who are starting this hobby WWI follow your path.

The times i have heard mann i don't build WWI to hard to build them... on ESM shows etc i always tell them its not that hard you only have to know how and the rest comes whit time and experience.

Then you think but this doesn't look like the real think ill try and make it better and there you go you are scratch building before you know it!

Great Work m8!!

Regards Ron
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on July 18, 2014, 05:04:32 AM
Hello Dave:

Looks like you are off to a great second start.  I am about half way through mine.  I like what you have there.  You managed to divine how to put the those pesky PE thingy's in the cockpit.  I couldn't figure it out for the life of me so left them out.  Not real noticeable anyway.  Looking forward to seeing  you progress through the build.  What markings are you going to do it in?

Best

Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2) update
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 19, 2014, 08:15:13 AM
Hi mark , im going for the E.III A8 Austro Hungarian Navy
well he`s my update for this week.....

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/98bf4788827d2c39a8964ecd42ef0015_zpsede80346.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/98bf4788827d2c39a8964ecd42ef0015_zpsede80346.jpg.html)(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/835110424b99ffc16aa2dff29cad4f00_zpsdf2e5b13.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/835110424b99ffc16aa2dff29cad4f00_zpsdf2e5b13.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/3b5445ee931c9b184b5c59f90406b454_zps30be2918.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/3b5445ee931c9b184b5c59f90406b454_zps30be2918.jpg.html)
and now the engine.....
(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/2f1827eb9fbda748e2474a9a31afcdac_zpsa87cf92f.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/2f1827eb9fbda748e2474a9a31afcdac_zpsa87cf92f.jpg.html)

any advise please on what ive done so far, and on the engine
thanks
Dave
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ssasho0 on July 19, 2014, 08:37:29 AM
Hi,
this time you nailed it! The engine is a real gem and a whole kit on its own, take your time and do it justice :)
Best regards,
Sasho
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Des on July 19, 2014, 08:40:09 AM
She's looking beautiful Dave, the interior is superb and extremely well done. You have chosen the perfect engine for your model, but take you time building it as it has a lot of very tiny parts, good luck and I hope to see photos of it soon.

Des.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ernie on July 19, 2014, 08:51:49 AM
The cockpit is looking great, Dave! With a little patience, the Taurus
Oberursel will make an amazing addition to the Eindecker.

Cheers,
Ernie :)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Alexis on July 19, 2014, 09:00:03 AM
Most excellent Dave ! I agree with the others , you have improved pretty rapidly and this is showing in your work  8) Take you time , don't rush .






Terri
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on July 19, 2014, 09:58:10 AM
Hello Dave:

Interior looking mighty fine.  You should also get the cowling from Aviattic.  It fits the engine, as it is you will need to some surgery on the inside of the kit cowling for the engine to fit.  I think 'umlaufmotor' is doing an EI and he has a build log on the engine.  I would scope that out to assist with your build.  Looking forward to your updates. 

Best

Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: RAGIII on July 19, 2014, 12:49:25 PM
Outstanding work on the interior! The Aviattic Cowling is a good investment. Designed by Ron  ;)
RAGIII
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: lcarroll on July 19, 2014, 09:57:59 PM
Dave, 
    I just received the EII/EIII Cowling done by Ron from Aviattic and it looks very good. Nice and thin, almost scale thickness I'd say, shouldn't be any fit issues when I get around to building mine. Highly recommend this one, especially if your investing in that beautiful Taurus Oberursel.
Cheers,
Lance
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 21, 2014, 06:25:44 AM
thanks Lance,
just ordered mine
Dave
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 29, 2014, 06:28:10 PM
well here my weekly progress so far,  I decided to put some of the Fuselage, and undercarriage together
as the engine is taking its time, (http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/7493e6782211668fca5ebc956bbe32c7_zps3a3d25b9.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/7493e6782211668fca5ebc956bbe32c7_zps3a3d25b9.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/381e9e22d61c2fe6d3888b63520a8f86_zps76be2f77.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/381e9e22d61c2fe6d3888b63520a8f86_zps76be2f77.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/572194a45053fd3be32a31bb2e72f14b_zps0ad3a074.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/572194a45053fd3be32a31bb2e72f14b_zps0ad3a074.jpg.html)

Will now attempted some rigging (lol)  as a newbie,  please any advise, pointers thanks all.......
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on July 29, 2014, 11:33:04 PM
Hello FF1:

It is recommended to do the underside first.  I would start with the undercarriage Bracing and then go to the wings.  Part A45 should have been drilled prior to assembly to receive the rigging material from the wings and the fuselage.  IF the undercarriage isn't fixed to the fuselage, you can pre-rig those attachments for the wings to ease the rigging process.
Once the underside is rigged, you can move on to the upper wing, which should be much simpler and more straightforward.

Best

Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 30, 2014, 12:46:26 AM
thanks Mark , will do :)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: jknaus on July 30, 2014, 02:35:07 AM
Looking real nice. Those Taurus engines are pretty awesome. Watching with interest.
James
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: xmald on July 30, 2014, 04:15:12 AM
Very nice but I would try to add some postshading. Taurus`s engines are truly brilliant - a model on its own in my opinion.
Mguns is right I would start with the bottom - it`s easier this way and the chance to damage something is lower.
Keep up the good work!
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: RAGIII on July 30, 2014, 06:13:06 AM
Looks really nice! Those wing crosses are certainly a cool difference! Looking forward to your progress!
RAGIII
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ssasho0 on July 30, 2014, 06:34:42 AM
Hello,
I really like how this one shapes, even thou it is a bit too clean for my taste :) those crosses on th he green wing looks awesome!
"Pointers for the rigging", hmmmm
There is 1 turnbuckle per rigging line, study the pictures and locate it correctly. There are "loops" at the both ends that sometimes may look like a turnbuckles but are not!
You should be sure where every rigging line starts and ends and if it is control or flying wire!
It may sound scary but the rigging is mainly good research and then just gluing the wires :)
Last but definitely important- check Des's website ( the red banner at the top of the page) for some real pointers and tutorial

Good luck,
Sasho
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: eindecker on July 30, 2014, 06:58:32 AM
Rigging. In my research on the E-II/III for the IPMS USA review, I read both of Josef Scott's volumes in his Fokker Compendium. I learned that the turnbuckles on the wings were color coded in order to ensure the ground crews got them on right when re-assembling the wings after transportation, etc. The turnbuckles on the starboard wing were red, those on the port wing, green, and the pylon turnbuckles were blue. That's the way I rigged my E-III. You might want to look into this. I can probably find the source page in Scott's book if you need it.

I like your choice of scheme and your build looks very fine to me.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 30, 2014, 08:09:01 AM
Jknaus .. Many thanks
Xmald many thanks and yes I'm going to start at the bottom, I need to lean how to post shade , any pointers please
RAGIII as always thanks mate.
SsashoOwhen you say to clean , do you mean like factory clean, I do need to learn how to get it to the next stage, but for now I am learning how to rig, and just completing a kit, may thanks as well.
Eindecker ai have PM you re your kind offer on the info..thank you too.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: eindecker on July 30, 2014, 09:19:28 AM
As I replied to your PM, I don't have volume (Compendium) #2 any longer. That one covers the E-II and III (and IV) and mentions the color turnbuckles. I will ask my friend Rick to check his Vol 2. Anyone on the forum have that volume?
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: LindsayT on July 30, 2014, 11:29:50 AM
"Is there any port left?" (Port is red, and on the left)

At least that's the current convention.

Lindsay
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: eindecker on July 30, 2014, 02:45:30 PM
I spent eight years in the Navy, many of those at sea, and yes, port navigation light was red. But Scott indicates that on the Eindeckers, red is on the starboard side, green on port... Perhaps as the riggers were standing in front of the machine, red was on their left side. Or...? I believe his information came from the markings stenciled on the wingtips telling the riggers which color turnbuckles to attach.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: rowan broadbent on July 30, 2014, 04:23:01 PM
I spent eight years in the Navy, many of those at sea, and yes, port navigation light was red. But Scott indicates that on the Eindeckers, red is on the starboard side, green on port... Perhaps as the riggers were standing in front of the machine, red was on their left side. Or...? I believe his information came from the markings stenciled on the wingtips telling the riggers which color turnbuckles to attach.

I recall that when Achim Engels was building his E.III replicas, he also had identified the coloured turnbuckle assembly convention and yes, it was port green and starboard red. Not been in the RN (or any other navy...) but I've sailed for a number of years and of course it is the "wrong" way round (it struck me as odd at the time) but it is nonetheless apparently historically correct.
 R
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on July 30, 2014, 10:42:00 PM
FF1:  Don't mean to steal your thread here, but; some interesting information is being passed:  EIndecker:  Interesting Stuff on the color of the turnbuckles.  I will include that in my build when I get to that stage.

FF1:  I too like the way your scheme is shaping up.  The crosses on the green background are very striking, and it is a different scheme.  I may have to re-think mine when I get to it, as your's is definately growing on me.  Looking forward to your next update and seeing how you progress.

Best

Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on July 31, 2014, 05:35:21 AM
Hi Mark, no your not stealing my thread, I think its great, what a way to learn
its amazes me all the information, that can come out of a single thread
cheers all
Dave
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on August 05, 2014, 06:14:19 AM
just a small update, I have now finished the rigging underside, could have been better, but its my bench mark for
the next model, as this is also the first kit, reaching completion,  I've decided not to use the resin engine, what I have decoded to do is, finish this model,
 learning as much as i can, then after 3-4 kits down the line build the Fokker EII  so I can see how ive improved
I`ll then used the resin engine as well.

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/2ac38b3cd7966121e6a8920625bee5ea_zps9f90a757.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/2ac38b3cd7966121e6a8920625bee5ea_zps9f90a757.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/167ab5c55bfe45b61a408f08051b5ae2_zps484fb3b1.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/167ab5c55bfe45b61a408f08051b5ae2_zps484fb3b1.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/171bd5ed810d64e04bf81c3c5dec2d72_zps301214ef.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/171bd5ed810d64e04bf81c3c5dec2d72_zps301214ef.jpg.html)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: jknaus on August 05, 2014, 07:21:36 AM
Thats looking really good. Its helpful to watch a build a few steps ahead of where I am to see how its done.
Keep it up, really enjoying watching this.
James
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: RAGIII on August 05, 2014, 08:10:32 AM
Another nice looking E being built and the rigging info going back and forth is awesome! Now that is exactly what a forum is for!
RAGIII
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: BigBlue on August 05, 2014, 12:28:18 PM
Another nice looking E being built and the rigging info going back and forth is awesome! Now that is exactly what a forum is for!
RAGIII

Totally agree.  We are lucky to be doing this in an age where this is possible.

Dave, your build looks great.  I hope mine will come close.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Nigel Jackson on August 05, 2014, 09:40:34 PM
Very nice work, Dave . I'm sorely tempted now to add one of the WnW Eindekkers to the to do list.

Best wishes
Nigel
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on August 05, 2014, 11:47:30 PM
Hello Dave:

I think your model is shaping up nicely.  I am doing the same iwth mine, sort of a bench mark to move on to the next level.  Some times we have to do that.  Your model looks great as is, and the kit engine is no slouch.  You nailed the rigging down and that is a major step in this type of airplane.  I am looking forward to your next update.

Best

Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ssasho0 on August 06, 2014, 05:28:34 PM
Hi Dave,

it is looking better and better with every update, still on the pictures it seems like there is a small issue with the wings - they are sagging down a bit by the ends. This is normal I think due to the weight of the plastic and happened to my build also.
If you use EZline for rigging it will be easy to fix it - when rigging the cabanes, just put the plane on something so the wings go up a bit and then use monofilament for the 4 cables that run from the cabane struts to the front of the wings. The EZ line being too elastic will just spread and the monofilament will keep the wings up. Use monofilament with care thou, because if you overtighten it, tere is a chance of bending or breaking the struts. If you use monofilament for the whole rigging you will have to think something else if you decide to correct it or there willbe enough tolerance to lift the end a tiny bit when you rig the upper part. Anyway this is a minor issue and I can definately live with it ;)
Keep up the good work,
Sasho

(http://i1352.photobucket.com/albums/q651/Ssasho0/167ab5c55bfe45b61a408f08051b5ae2_zps7c9e5008.jpg)

(http://i1352.photobucket.com/albums/q651/Ssasho0/fokker_e3_front_bottom_zpsa44a8583.jpg)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on August 06, 2014, 06:17:32 PM
Many thanks Sasho,
For pointing this out to me, did not even see it, I decided to try monofilament, I do have EZline, so my first question is would I use both products to rig a plane.  Now to attempt to deal with the wings , I will cut and redo the end cables, and hopefully that should straighten up, as for over tighting, the monofilament, and breaking parts, that's what happened to the undercarriage thinking about it,  ( just part of the learning curve)
I repost a pic once I've sorted out the wings
Regards
Dave
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Ssasho0 on August 06, 2014, 06:32:17 PM
Hi Dave,

yes, you can use both to their advantages as long as they are similar in colour/thickness and are not easily distinguished by one another  ;) I use black EZ line and black fishing monofilament. I usually use EZ line because it doesn't sag and there is no way to brake a part by overtighting and monofilament when I want to add structural strenght. Still using mono is waaaaay easier as it is more user friendly imho, while EZ line is too soft which makes threading annoyingly harder.
I used to brake parts while using mono and thats why I switched to EZ line, even thou it is a bit harder to use. When I brake a part, I'm making a tiny hole (about 1-2mm at least) in each half and then use a metal pin to make the part more durable.

I hope this helps,

Sasho
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on August 11, 2014, 05:40:24 AM
well here it is about finished, for me it`s my first completed 1/32 kit, and also my bench mark for the next WNW.
i have had a lot of help and advise, so thank you,  so as always advise, and pointers please, which i will use on my next build.
(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/880ca7d0c5da9714ca79fc40a87595c1_zps95032eac.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/880ca7d0c5da9714ca79fc40a87595c1_zps95032eac.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/25b653da-235e-42c6-abf5-a300597a1513_zps604aa413.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/25b653da-235e-42c6-abf5-a300597a1513_zps604aa413.jpg.html)

(http://i833.photobucket.com/albums/zz251/davidtmartin1/FOKKER%20EIII/fd6d25af-bd58-40fa-ab0f-f45388b44a6b_zps7213f2a8.jpg) (http://s833.photobucket.com/user/davidtmartin1/media/FOKKER%20EIII/fd6d25af-bd58-40fa-ab0f-f45388b44a6b_zps7213f2a8.jpg.html)
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: mgunns on August 11, 2014, 05:45:34 AM
Hi Dave:

This really turned out nice.  You managed to straighten the wings and it is a great job overall.  I like the scheme a lot and may reconsider my options when I get to this one.  I am about two steps behind you and will post some pictures today of the finished project.  It has been a learning experience for all of us who have worked on the EII/EIII.  Thanks to all for the support and ideas.  For you first 1/32nd scale kit you did an outstanding job Dave.

Best


Mark
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: RAGIII on August 11, 2014, 08:14:10 AM
Hi Dave:

This really turned out nice.  You managed to straighten the wings and it is a great job overall.  I like the scheme a lot and may reconsider my options when I get to this one.  I am about two steps behind you and will post some pictures today of the finished project.  It has been a learning experience for all of us who have worked on the EII/EIII.  Thanks to all for the support and ideas.  For you first 1/32nd scale kit you did an outstanding job Dave.

Best


Mark

I can't think of anything to add except Thanks for sharing your build!
RAGIII
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: BigBlue on August 11, 2014, 10:44:43 AM
I'll join the chorus: she turned out beautifully!  Thank you so much for sharing your build log, it has been helpful & inspiring.

Chris
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Des on August 11, 2014, 10:51:05 AM
Congratulations Dave on a magnificent build, the rigging turned out excellent and the finish is excellent, well done.

Des.
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: jknaus on August 11, 2014, 08:48:25 PM
Looking very nice.
James
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: Alexis on August 11, 2014, 09:40:41 PM
Well done Dave  :)




Terri
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on August 11, 2014, 11:01:11 PM
thanks every one for your comments, I have now put up a couple of final pictures in the completed section
once again thanks for all your help, advise, and encouragement,
Dave
Title: Re: Fokker E.111 (Take 2)
Post by: FIREFOX1 on August 11, 2014, 11:14:43 PM
I HAVE NOT MOVED THIS TO THE COMPLETED SECTION .....